Low German language (2024)

","url":"Introduction","wordCount":0,"sequence":1},"imarsData":{"HAS_REVERTED_TIMELINE":"false","INFINITE_SCROLL":"349709|1,577172|1,230814|1,427180|1,231026|3,129024|7,286368|7,640154|4,329791|19"},"npsAdditionalContents":{},"templateHandler":{"name":"INDEX"},"paginationInfo":{"previousPage":null,"nextPage":null,"totalPages":1},"uaTemplate":"INDEX","infiniteScrollList":[{"p":1,"t":349709},{"p":1,"t":577172},{"p":1,"t":230814},{"p":1,"t":427180},{"p":3,"t":231026},{"p":7,"t":129024},{"p":7,"t":286368},{"p":4,"t":640154},{"p":19,"t":329791}],"topicLeftRail":{"topicInfo":{"id":349709,"title":"Low German language","url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Low-German-language","description":"German language: …either the High German or Low German dialectal groups. The main difference between High and Low German is in the sound system, especially in the consonants. High German, the language of the southern highlands of Germany, is the official written language.","type":"TOPIC","titleText":"Low German language","urlTitle":"Low-German-language","metaDescription":"Other articles where Low German language is discussed: German language: …either the High German or Low German dialectal groups. The main difference between High and Low German is in the sound system, especially in the consonants. High German, the language of the southern highlands of Germany, is the official written language.","alternateTitles":"Niederdeutsch, Plattdeutsch","topicClass":"topic","topicKey":"Low-German-language","articleContentType":"INDEX","ppTecType":"CONCEPT","gaTemplate":"INDEX","topicType":"INDEX","relativeUrl":"/topic/Low-German-language","assemblyLinkPrefix":"/media/1/349709/"},"topicLink":{"title":"Low German language","url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Low-German-language"},"tocTitle":"Directory","tocEntry":"References","toc":null,"quoteLink":null,"indexLink":null,"factsLink":null,"mediaLink":null,"media":null,"studentLinks":null,"relatedQuizzes":null,"topQuestions":null,"readNext":null,"discover":[{"id":8900,"title":"The Fastest Animals on Earth","url":"/list/the-fastest-animals-on-earth","description":"Now that’s fast!","image":{"id":0,"url":"/00/152300-131-FEE1926E/Cheetah-Maasai-Mara-National-Reserve-Kenya.jpg","altText":"Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) standing on rock, side view, Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya","credit":"© Anup Shah—Stockbyte/Getty Images","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/00/152300-131-FEE1926E/Cheetah-Maasai-Mara-National-Reserve-Kenya.jpg"},"type":"LIST","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"List","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Science","url":"/list/browse/Science"}],"lastItemTitle":"Science"},"superCategory":{"id":6,"title":"Science & Tech","url":"Science-Tech","description":"Explore science and technology; astronomy; biology; chemistry; earth science; mathematics; physics; technology, agriculture, cars, computers, engineering, industry, inventions, communication","keywords":"astronomy; biology; chemistry; earth science; mathematics; physics; technology, agriculture, cars, computers, engineering, industry, inventions, communication","classId":"SCIENCE","sortOrder":2},"hashtags":["animals","fastest animals","speed","running","flying","fastest land animal","fastest bird","fastest insect"],"hashtagsString":"animals, fastest animals, speed, running, flying, fastest land animal, fastest bird, fastest insect","displayDate":[2021,1,15],"urlTitle":"the-fastest-animals-on-earth","featureSubType":"REGULAR","categories":[{"id":1000,"title":"Science","url":"Science","description":"How can the sky be blue one day and stormy the next? Why do heavy objects tend to fall downwards when dropped? How are birds able to fly (and why can’t I do the same?)? Human beings have long been curious about the world in which we live, striving to identify connections among the phenomenons we witness and to understand how it all works. The field of science has developed over many centuries as a way of studying and understanding the world, beginning with the primitive stage of simply noting important regularities in nature and continuing through the rise of modern science. The modern-day sciences cover a vast range of fields, including biology, chemistry, meteorology, astronomy, physics, and much more.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg","altText":"Science","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg"}},null,null],"mainCategory":{"id":1000,"title":"Science","url":"Science","description":"How can the sky be blue one day and stormy the next? Why do heavy objects tend to fall downwards when dropped? How are birds able to fly (and why can’t I do the same?)? Human beings have long been curious about the world in which we live, striving to identify connections among the phenomenons we witness and to understand how it all works. The field of science has developed over many centuries as a way of studying and understanding the world, beginning with the primitive stage of simply noting important regularities in nature and continuing through the rise of modern science. The modern-day sciences cover a vast range of fields, including biology, chemistry, meteorology, astronomy, physics, and much more.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg","altText":"Science","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"List"},{"id":6241,"title":"Can Apple Seeds Kill You?","url":"/story/can-apple-seeds-kill-you","description":"Do you dare to take a bite of the poison apple (core)?","image":{"id":0,"url":"/95/182495-131-2AB8550D/apples-cut-apple-foreground.jpg","altText":"Several red apples with cut apple in the foreground.","credit":"© hacohob/Shutterstock.com","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/95/182495-131-2AB8550D/apples-cut-apple-foreground.jpg"},"type":"STORY","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"Demystified","url":"/stories/demystified"},{"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"/stories/demystified/Entertainment-Pop-Culture"}],"lastItemTitle":"Entertainment & Pop Culture"},"superCategory":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"Arts-Culture","description":"Explore arts and culture; entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","keywords":"entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","classId":"ART","sortOrder":6},"hashtags":["demystified","cyanide","apple","apple seeds","poison","toxic","fatal","death","danger","dangerous"],"hashtagsString":"demystified, cyanide, apple, apple seeds, poison, toxic, fatal, death, danger, dangerous","displayDate":[2017,5,29],"urlTitle":"can-apple-seeds-kill-you","featureSubType":"DEMYSTIFIED","categories":[{"id":10000,"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"Entertainment-Pop-Culture","description":"Entertainment and leisure activities have been a part of culture in one form or another since the ancient times. Dance performances, live music, and storytelling have a long tradition throughout history, even as the styles and available methods of delivery have shifted dramatically.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg","altText":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg"}},{"id":1000,"title":"Science","url":"Science","description":"How can the sky be blue one day and stormy the next? Why do heavy objects tend to fall downwards when dropped? How are birds able to fly (and why can’t I do the same?)? Human beings have long been curious about the world in which we live, striving to identify connections among the phenomenons we witness and to understand how it all works. The field of science has developed over many centuries as a way of studying and understanding the world, beginning with the primitive stage of simply noting important regularities in nature and continuing through the rise of modern science. The modern-day sciences cover a vast range of fields, including biology, chemistry, meteorology, astronomy, physics, and much more.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg","altText":"Science","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/86/193986-050-7B2DBB6A/ball-and-stick-model-structure-atoms.jpg"}},null],"mainCategory":{"id":10000,"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"Entertainment-Pop-Culture","description":"Entertainment and leisure activities have been a part of culture in one form or another since the ancient times. Dance performances, live music, and storytelling have a long tradition throughout history, even as the styles and available methods of delivery have shifted dramatically.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg","altText":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"Demystified"},{"id":3811,"title":"The 10 Greatest Basketball Players of All Time","url":"/list/the-10-greatest-basketball-players-of-all-time","description":"According to our sports editor, at least.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/31/142331-131-EE300AF6/basketball-Orange-background-lighting-Homepage-entertainment-history-2010.jpg","altText":"Orange basketball on black background and with low key lighting. Homepage 2010, arts and entertainment, history and society","credit":"© iStockphoto/Thinkstock","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/31/142331-131-EE300AF6/basketball-Orange-background-lighting-Homepage-entertainment-history-2010.jpg"},"type":"LIST","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"List","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"/list/browse/Sports-Recreation"}],"lastItemTitle":"Sports & Recreation"},"superCategory":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"Arts-Culture","description":"Explore arts and culture; entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","keywords":"entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","classId":"ART","sortOrder":6},"hashtags":["encyclopedia","britannica","encyclopedia britannica","list","lists","sports","basketball","bball","players","teams","greatest","best","opinion","NBA"],"hashtagsString":"encyclopedia, britannica, encyclopedia britannica, list, lists, sports, basketball, bball, players, teams, greatest, best, opinion, NBA","displayDate":[2023,11,30],"urlTitle":"the-10-greatest-basketball-players-of-all-time","featureSubType":"REGULAR","categories":[{"id":4000,"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"Sports-Recreation","description":"Physical contests and recreational games have long played a part in human society. In both team and solo sports, the human body has been pushed to its limits in the name of improving athletic performance and in order to break record upon record. The ancient Olympic Games are an early example of the contests in which humans have engaged to showcase physical prowess. In modern times, sports and games have evolved into a lucrative and competitive industry, while other leisure activities, such as card and video games, can be competitive or just serve as a way to unwind or socialize.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/13/170713-131-8D6B0AF7.jpg","altText":"Sports & Recreation","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/13/170713-131-8D6B0AF7.jpg"}},null,null],"mainCategory":{"id":4000,"title":"Sports & Recreation","url":"Sports-Recreation","description":"Physical contests and recreational games have long played a part in human society. In both team and solo sports, the human body has been pushed to its limits in the name of improving athletic performance and in order to break record upon record. The ancient Olympic Games are an early example of the contests in which humans have engaged to showcase physical prowess. In modern times, sports and games have evolved into a lucrative and competitive industry, while other leisure activities, such as card and video games, can be competitive or just serve as a way to unwind or socialize.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/13/170713-131-8D6B0AF7.jpg","altText":"Sports & Recreation","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/13/170713-131-8D6B0AF7.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"List"},{"id":7451,"title":"7 of History's Most Notorious Serial Killers","url":"/list/7-of-historys-most-notorious-serial-killers","description":"Don’t read this list before bed.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/51/212551-131-CCA62CB1/Shadow-man-spooky-building-knife.jpg","altText":"Shadow of a man holding large knife in his hand inside of some dark, spooky buiding","credit":"© Marccophoto—iStock/Getty Images","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/51/212551-131-CCA62CB1/Shadow-man-spooky-building-knife.jpg"},"type":"LIST","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"List","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"/list/browse/Lifestyles-Social-Issues"}],"lastItemTitle":"Lifestyles & Social Issues"},"superCategory":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"History-Society","description":"Explore history and society; accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","keywords":"accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","classId":"HISTORY","sortOrder":1},"hashtags":["serial killers","murder","murderers","crime","criminals","gruesome","killing","Jack the Ripper","Jeffrey Dahmer","Dr. Death","Harold Shipman","John Wayne Gacy","H.H. Holmes","Pedro Lopez","Ted Bundy"],"hashtagsString":"serial killers, murder, murderers, crime, criminals, gruesome, killing, Jack the Ripper, Jeffrey Dahmer, Dr. Death, Harold Shipman, John Wayne Gacy, H.H. Holmes, Pedro Lopez, Ted Bundy","displayDate":[2019,10,17],"urlTitle":"7-of-historys-most-notorious-serial-killers","featureSubType":"REGULAR","categories":[{"id":8000,"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"Lifestyles-Social-Issues","description":"It's easy enough to agree that human beings all around the world have certain basic requirements that must be fulfilled in order to ensure their individual and collective well-being. History has shown us, however, that it's not so easy to form societies or communities that fulfill these requirements for all members. The fight for human and civil rights has persisted for hundreds of years and remains alive today, both within the borders of nations and on an international scale. It has led to large-scale social movements and reforms concerning issues such as suffrage, slavery, women's rights, racism, environmentalism, gay rights, and much more.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg","altText":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg"}},{"id":6000,"title":"World History","url":"World-History","description":"Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg","altText":"World History","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg"}},null],"mainCategory":{"id":8000,"title":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","url":"Lifestyles-Social-Issues","description":"It's easy enough to agree that human beings all around the world have certain basic requirements that must be fulfilled in order to ensure their individual and collective well-being. History has shown us, however, that it's not so easy to form societies or communities that fulfill these requirements for all members. The fight for human and civil rights has persisted for hundreds of years and remains alive today, both within the borders of nations and on an international scale. It has led to large-scale social movements and reforms concerning issues such as suffrage, slavery, women's rights, racism, environmentalism, gay rights, and much more.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg","altText":"Lifestyles & Social Issues","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"List"},{"id":10170,"title":"All 119 References in “We Didn’t Start the Fire,” Explained","url":"/list/all-119-references-in-we-didnt-start-the-fire-explained","description":"No, Billy Joel isn’t talking about the band U2.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/04/79904-131-6DCAD337/Elizabeth-II-speech-throne-Parliament-state-opening-1958.jpg","altText":"Queen Elizabeth II addresses at opening of Parliament. (Date unknown on photo, but may be 1958, the first time the opening of Parliament was filmed.)","credit":"Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/04/79904-131-6DCAD337/Elizabeth-II-speech-throne-Parliament-state-opening-1958.jpg"},"type":"LIST","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"List","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"/list/browse/Entertainment-Pop-Culture"}],"lastItemTitle":"Entertainment & Pop Culture"},"superCategory":{"id":2,"title":"Arts & Culture","url":"Arts-Culture","description":"Explore arts and culture; entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","keywords":"entertainment and pop culture, actors, comics, dance, film, food, music, theatre, tv; visual arts, architecture, fashion, painting, photography, sculpture; literature, fiction, nonfiction, plays, poetry, short story; sports and recreation","classId":"ART","sortOrder":6},"hashtags":["We Didn’t Start the Fire","Billy Joel","Harry Truman","Doris Day","China","communism","Johnnie Ray","rock music","Elvis","South Pacific","Rodgers and Hammerstein","Walter Winchell","Joseph McCarthy","Red Scare","Joe DiMaggio","McCarthyism","Richard Nixon","Studebaker","Studebaker-Packard","television","North Korea","South Korea","Korean War","Marilyn Monroe","Gentlemen Prefer Blondes","The Seven Year Itch","Julius Rosenberg","Ethel Rosenberg","H-bomb","hydrogen bomb","thermonuclear bomb","Sugar Ray","Sugar Ray Robinson","P'anmunjŏm","demilitarized zone","Marlon Brando","A Streetcar Named Desire","The Godfather","The King and I","Yul Brynner","Siam","Juan Peron","Eva Peron","Arturo Toscanini","Dacron","aorta","Dien Bien Phu","Indochina War","The Catcher in the Rye","Dwight D. Eisenhower","Reconstruction","civil rights","polio","vaccine","Jonas Salk","Elizabeth II","Rocky Marciano","boxing","Liberace","The Liberace Show","George Santayana","Joseph Stalin","Soviet Union","Malenkov","Nikita Khrushchev","Gamal Abdel Nasser","Sergey Prokofiev","Winthrop Rockefeller","Roy Campanella","Communist Bloc","Cold War","Donald Trump","Roy Cohn","Bill Haley and His Comets","Decca","Rock Around the Clock","Albert Einstein","James Dean","Brooklyn Dodgers","Jackie Robinson","Davy Crockett","Disney","Peter Pan","J.M. Barrie","Elvis Presley","Disneyland","Walt Disney","Brigitte Bardot","Hungarian Revolution","Budapest","Rosa Parks","Alabama","Montgomery bus boycott","de-Stalinization","Grace Kelly","Princess Grace","Prince Rainier","Rainier III","Monaco","Peyton Place","soap opera","Suez Canal","Little Rock Nine","Dwight D. Eisenhower","Boris Leonidovich Pasternak","Boris Pasternak","Doctor Zhivago","Mickey Mantle","Beat writer","Jack Kerouac","On the Road","Sputnik","Chou En-Lai","Zhou Enlai","China","Bridge on the River Kwai","Hollywood blacklist","Lebanon","Camille Chamoun","Charles de Gaulle","NATO","San Francisco Giants","Charles Starkweather","thalidomide","Buddy Holly","Ben Hur","","hula hoop","Fidel Castro","Cuba","U-2","Syngman Rhee","payola","Chubby Checker","the twist","Hank Ballard","American Bandstand","Psycho","Ed Gein","Alfred Hitchco*ck","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Belgium","colonization","Ernest Hemingway","Lost Generation","The Sun Also Rises","A Farewell to Arms","Adolf Eichmann","Holocaust","Stranger in a Strange Land","Robert A. Heinlein","Bob Dylan","Berlin Wall","Bay of Pigs","CIA","Lawrence of Arabia","Peter O’Toole","The Beatles","Beatlemania","Ole Miss","University of Mississippi","James Meredith","Robert F. Kennedy","John Glenn","Yuri Gagarin","Sonny Liston","Floyd Patterson","Pope Paul VI","Malcolm X","John Profumo","Christine Keeler","Profumo affair","Griswold v. State of Connecticut","birth control","Ho Chi Minh","Neil Armstrong","Apollo 11","Woodstock","Watergate","punk rock","Menachem Begin","Israel","Ronald Reagan","Palestine","Jimmy Carter","PLO","hijacking","Ruhollah Khomeini","Ayatollah Khomeini","Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi","shah of Iran","Afghanistan","Wheel of Fortune","Sally Ride","heavy metal","death metal","inflation","Vietnam War","AIDS","CDC","crack epidemic","crack cocaine","Bernie Goetz","hypodermic needle","medical waste","Tiananmen Square","martial law","Tank Man","Coca-Cola","PepsiCo","Paula Abdul","Michael Jackson"],"hashtagsString":"We Didn’t Start the Fire, Billy Joel, Harry Truman, Doris Day, China, communism, Johnnie Ray, rock music, Elvis, South Pacific, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Walter Winchell, Joseph McCarthy, Red Scare, Joe DiMaggio, McCarthyism, Richard Nixon, Studebaker, Studebaker-Packard, television, North Korea, South Korea, Korean War, Marilyn Monroe, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, The Seven Year Itch, Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg, H-bomb, hydrogen bomb, thermonuclear bomb, Sugar Ray, Sugar Ray Robinson, P'anmunjŏm, demilitarized zone, Marlon Brando, A Streetcar Named Desire, The Godfather, The King and I, Yul Brynner, Siam, Juan Peron, Eva Peron, Arturo Toscanini, Dacron, aorta, Dien Bien Phu, Indochina War, The Catcher in the Rye, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Reconstruction, civil rights, polio, vaccine, Jonas Salk, Elizabeth II, Rocky Marciano, boxing, Liberace, The Liberace Show, George Santayana, Joseph Stalin, Soviet Union, Malenkov, Nikita Khrushchev, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sergey Prokofiev, Winthrop Rockefeller, Roy Campanella, Communist Bloc, Cold War, Donald Trump, Roy Cohn, Bill Haley and His Comets, Decca, Rock Around the Clock, Albert Einstein, James Dean, Brooklyn Dodgers, Jackie Robinson, Davy Crockett, Disney, Peter Pan, J.M. Barrie, Elvis Presley, Disneyland, Walt Disney, Brigitte Bardot, Hungarian Revolution, Budapest, Rosa Parks, Alabama, Montgomery bus boycott, de-Stalinization, Grace Kelly, Princess Grace, Prince Rainier, Rainier III, Monaco, Peyton Place, soap opera, Suez Canal, Little Rock Nine, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, Boris Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago, Mickey Mantle, Beat writer, Jack Kerouac, On the Road, Sputnik, Chou En-Lai, Zhou Enlai, China, Bridge on the River Kwai, Hollywood blacklist, Lebanon, Camille Chamoun, Charles de Gaulle, NATO, San Francisco Giants, Charles Starkweather, thalidomide, Buddy Holly, Ben Hur, , hula hoop, Fidel Castro, Cuba, U-2, Syngman Rhee, payola, Chubby Checker, the twist, Hank Ballard, American Bandstand, Psycho, Ed Gein, Alfred Hitchco*ck, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Belgium, colonization, Ernest Hemingway, Lost Generation, The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, Adolf Eichmann, Holocaust, Stranger in a Strange Land, Robert A. Heinlein, Bob Dylan, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, CIA, Lawrence of Arabia, Peter O’Toole, The Beatles, Beatlemania, Ole Miss, University of Mississippi, James Meredith, Robert F. Kennedy, John Glenn, Yuri Gagarin, Sonny Liston, Floyd Patterson, Pope Paul VI, Malcolm X, John Profumo, Christine Keeler, Profumo affair, Griswold v. State of Connecticut, birth control, Ho Chi Minh, Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11, Woodstock, Watergate, punk rock, Menachem Begin, Israel, Ronald Reagan, Palestine, Jimmy Carter, PLO, hijacking, Ruhollah Khomeini, Ayatollah Khomeini, Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, shah of Iran, Afghanistan, Wheel of Fortune, Sally Ride, heavy metal, death metal, inflation, Vietnam War, AIDS, CDC, crack epidemic, crack cocaine, Bernie Goetz, hypodermic needle, medical waste, Tiananmen Square, martial law, Tank Man, Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, Paula Abdul, Michael Jackson","displayDate":[2023,5,9],"urlTitle":"all-119-references-in-we-didnt-start-the-fire-explained","featureSubType":"REGULAR","categories":[{"id":10000,"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"Entertainment-Pop-Culture","description":"Entertainment and leisure activities have been a part of culture in one form or another since the ancient times. Dance performances, live music, and storytelling have a long tradition throughout history, even as the styles and available methods of delivery have shifted dramatically.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg","altText":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg"}},null,null],"mainCategory":{"id":10000,"title":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","url":"Entertainment-Pop-Culture","description":"Entertainment and leisure activities have been a part of culture in one form or another since the ancient times. Dance performances, live music, and storytelling have a long tradition throughout history, even as the styles and available methods of delivery have shifted dramatically.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg","altText":"Entertainment & Pop Culture","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"List"},{"id":5546,"title":"Secret Service Code Names of 11 U.S. Presidents","url":"/list/secret-service-code-names-of-11-us-presidents","description":"Find out the Secret Service code names of 11 U.S. presidents.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/45/189145-131-45FF672E/Secret-Service-Agent-Earpiece.jpg","altText":"Secret Service Agent Listens To Earpiece","credit":"©David Stuart/Fotolia","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/45/189145-131-45FF672E/Secret-Service-Agent-Earpiece.jpg"},"type":"LIST","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"List","url":"/list/browse"},{"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"/list/browse/Politics-Law-Government"}],"lastItemTitle":"Politics, Law & Government"},"superCategory":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"History-Society","description":"Explore history and society; accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","keywords":"accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","classId":"HISTORY","sortOrder":1},"hashtags":["U.S. president","Secret Service","code names"],"hashtagsString":"U.S. president, Secret Service, code names","displayDate":[2021,6,1],"urlTitle":"secret-service-code-names-of-11-us-presidents","featureSubType":"REGULAR","categories":[{"id":9000,"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"Politics-Law-Government","description":"The world today is divided territorially into more than 190 countries, each of which possesses a national government that claims to exercise sovereignty and seeks to compel obedience to its will by its citizens. Governments can be classified in any number of ways. For example, they might be classified by the number of rulers, thus distinguishing government by one (as in a monarchy or a tyranny) from government by the few (in an aristocracy or oligarchy) and from government by the many (as in a democracy). Governments can also be classified by mode of succession; for example, ascension to governmental leadership may follow the rules of hereditary succession, or it may be determined through elections or by force. Governments also vary in terms of the laws and rules of conduct that each political entity follows.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/22/99622-050-E70BCD0A/Parthenon-Athens.jpg","altText":"Politics, Law & Government","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/22/99622-050-E70BCD0A/Parthenon-Athens.jpg"}},{"id":6000,"title":"World History","url":"World-History","description":"Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg","altText":"World History","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg"}},null],"mainCategory":{"id":9000,"title":"Politics, Law & Government","url":"Politics-Law-Government","description":"The world today is divided territorially into more than 190 countries, each of which possesses a national government that claims to exercise sovereignty and seeks to compel obedience to its will by its citizens. Governments can be classified in any number of ways. For example, they might be classified by the number of rulers, thus distinguishing government by one (as in a monarchy or a tyranny) from government by the few (in an aristocracy or oligarchy) and from government by the many (as in a democracy). Governments can also be classified by mode of succession; for example, ascension to governmental leadership may follow the rules of hereditary succession, or it may be determined through elections or by force. Governments also vary in terms of the laws and rules of conduct that each political entity follows.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/22/99622-050-E70BCD0A/Parthenon-Athens.jpg","altText":"Politics, Law & Government","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/22/99622-050-E70BCD0A/Parthenon-Athens.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"List"},{"id":6503,"title":"26 Decade-Defining Events in U.S. History","url":"/story/25-decade-defining-events-in-us-history","description":"Which events were the most important in any given decade of U.S. history? This list tries to answer that question. See if you agree.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/94/159994-131-8E828D22/Battle-of-New-Orleans-oil-painting-E-1910.jpg","altText":"The Battle of New Orleans, by E. Percy Moran, c. 1910. Andrew Jackson, War of 1812.","credit":"Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-USZC2-3796)","width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/94/159994-131-8E828D22/Battle-of-New-Orleans-oil-painting-E-1910.jpg"},"type":"STORY","breadcrumb":{"homeLink":null,"items":[{"title":"#WTFact","url":"/stories/wtfact"},{"title":"World History","url":"/stories/wtfact/World-History"}],"lastItemTitle":"World History"},"superCategory":{"id":5,"title":"History & Society","url":"History-Society","description":"Explore history and society; accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","keywords":"accidents and disasters; the age of revolutions; the ancient world; historic dynasties; global exploration; the middle ages; the modern world; prehistory; US history; world history; wars and battles; sociology; religion and philosophy; humanities; ethics; anthropology; festivals and holidays; human rights; human migration; international relations; politics, law, and government","classId":"HISTORY","sortOrder":1},"hashtags":["United States","U.S. history","American history","Declaration of Independence","U.S. Constitution","Louisiana Purchase","Dred Scott decision","Battle of Gettysburg","McCarthyism","Monroe Doctrine","Haymarket Riot","Haymarket Affair","Watergate scandal","September 11 attacks","stock market crash","fireside chats","Plessy v. Ferguson","sinking of the Lusitania","Era of the Common Man","assassination of Martin Luther King","Jr.","Britannica","Encyclopedia Britannica","Encyclopaedia Britannica "],"hashtagsString":"United States, U.S. history, American history, Declaration of Independence, U.S. Constitution, Louisiana Purchase, Dred Scott decision, Battle of Gettysburg, McCarthyism, Monroe Doctrine, Haymarket Riot, Haymarket Affair, Watergate scandal, September 11 attacks, stock market crash, fireside chats, Plessy v. Ferguson, sinking of the Lusitania, Era of the Common Man, assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica ","displayDate":[2023,5,18],"urlTitle":"25-decade-defining-events-in-us-history","featureSubType":"WTFACT","categories":[{"id":6000,"title":"World History","url":"World-History","description":"Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg","altText":"World History","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg"}},{"id":5000,"title":"Geography & Travel","url":"Geography-Travel","description":"Planet Earth contains some extraordinarily diverse environments, some of which are easily habitable and some not so much. In different areas of Earth, one might find sweltering deserts, dense tropical rainforests, or bone-chilling tundras. Each biome and habitat comes with its own selection of flora and fauna, and it may include physical features such as canyons, volcanoes, rivers, or caves. Human beings have built homes in many different environments, settling the area and organizing it into units such as cities, states, regions, and countries, each with its own points of interest. Shifting trends in human migration have resulted in a human geography that is profoundly different from that of centuries ago.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/17/2317-050-758D0E55/World-map-descriptions-Herodotus-Black-Sea.jpg","altText":"Geography & Travel","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/17/2317-050-758D0E55/World-map-descriptions-Herodotus-Black-Sea.jpg"}},null],"mainCategory":{"id":6000,"title":"World History","url":"World-History","description":"Does history really repeat itself, or can we learn from the mistakes of those who came before us? History provides a chronological, statistical, and cultural record of the events, people, and movements that have made an impact on humankind and the world at large throughout the ages.","image":{"id":0,"url":"/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg","altText":"World History","credit":null,"width":null,"height":null,"fullUrl":"https://cdn.britannica.com/05/84505-050-8BB58BE6/cave-art-Ennedi-Plateau-Chad.jpg"}},"typeDisplayName":"#WTFact"}]},"byline":null,"citationInfo":null,"websites":null,"freeTopicReason":"TOPIC_IS_INDEX_PAGE","articleSchemaMarkup":{"keywords":"Low German language","wordcount":0,"url":"https://www.britannica.com/topic/Low-German-language","description":"Other articles where Low German language is discussed: German language: …either the High German or Low German dialectal groups. The main difference between High and Low German is in the sound system, especially in the consonants. High German, the language of the southern highlands of Germany, is the official written language.","publisher":{"name":"Encyclopedia Britannica","@type":"Organization","logo":{"url":"https://corporate.britannica.com/wp-content/themes/eb-corporate/_img/logo.png","@type":"ImageObject"}},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"article"},"studentArticle":false,"initialLoad":true}